Having parents with higher education increased the risk of low back pain during service (OR: 1.9 1.2 3.0, for the highest educated group), but not of the consequences (leg pain and exemption from duty), whereas high IQ decreased the risk of these consequences (odds ratios as low as 0.2 0.1 0.8 for exemption from duty in the group with highest IQ).
Consequently, exemption from an external ethical review was confirmed in writing by the Chair of Durham University School for Health Research Ethics Committee.
Thus, by taking our results a step further, it could be speculated that the group with above-average intelligence, well-educated parents and a sedentary occupation has a low occurrence of LBP at baseline, an increased risk of LBP during the physical demands of service, but seem to suffer less from the consequences (leg pain and exemption from duty).
Finally, the consequence in relation to exemption from duty were demonstrated by calculating the reduction in intake of recruits and the corresponding reduction in exemptions, if the identified significant factors were to be used as part of the inclusion criteria for military service.
Similarly, another study that looked comprehensively at the health consequences of religious and philosophical exemption from immunization laws[ 29] in a cohort of 5 19 year olds nation-wide from 1985 1992 found that refusers were 35 times more likely than vaccinated individuals to contract measles from 1985 1992 in the United States.
We undertook a review of the current literature on the removal of, exemption from or waivers of user fees in low- and middle-income countries in relation to RMNH and the consequences for human resources for health working in RMNH.
The logical consequence of Leiter's view, then, is that those groups have no valid claim to an exemption from laws against sex discrimination.
Exemption from capital punishment?
Exemption from Federal and State FOIA Laws.
§ 90.217 Exemption from technical standards.
§ 317.400 Exemption from nutrition labeling.
