There is compelling evidence that within the caspase family of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases, caspase-3 can perform as a key executor of the apoptotic cell death program.
CHOP was the executor of cell death during baicalein-induced ER stress while eIF2 α and IRE1 α played protective roles.
During ER stress, all three arms of the UPR induce transcription of the cell death executor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP/GADD153).
Cytochrome c release triggers caspase activation, for this reason we examined the activation of a critical executor of cell apoptosis, caspase 3, by western blot analysis.
One view that supports a role for autophagy in promoting cell death dictates that autophagy is not an executor of cell death per se but that it is a required process in certain settings in combination with other pro-death signals.
These findings made in MEF may prompt further exploration of Nrf2 as a general sensor and executor of the cellular redox, energy, and protein homeostasis in specialized cell, organ, or whole animal systems.
Whatever the trigger for cellular senescence, so far the 2 executors of irreversible cell cycle arrest appear to be the p21- and the p16-dependent pathways.
Several studies have demonstrated that MSCs can exert immunosuppressive effect on T cells, which are a major executor of the adaptive immune response.
In contrast to its role in cell survival, several studies in Drosophila, Dictyostelium discoideum and Caenorhabditis elegans have, however, implicated autophagy as an executor of cell death and not just a mere co-phenomenon (64– 64).
As calpain is the key executor of the non-ubiquitin degradation of P27 in the cytoplasm, P27 that accumulated after MLN4924 treatment might protect cells from the uncontrolled p18-BAX by saturating the enzymatic activity of calpains.
