Exact(34)
Indeed, results in this test battery were, on average, more closely related to dementia severity (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale) than the other classical executive tests in our cohort (Action Program r = −0.56, Zoo Map Test 1 and 2 r = −0.53, −0.65, P < 0.001; Key Search r = −0.38, P = 0.01; Stroop and fluency task r = 0.48, −0.36, P = 0.005, 0.03, respectively).
As an example, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Grant and Berg, 1948) is one of the most widely used executive tests, thought to assess problem solving, strategic planning, use of environmental feedback to shift set, and inhibition of impulsive responding.
This explanation is further supported by the observation that patients with Alzheimer's disease were more impaired in both parts of the Zoo Map Test than the other dementia subgroups in our cohort whereas for the other executive tests, we did not find group-specific differences.
Compared to controls, individuals with premanifest HD were unimpaired in performing executive tests as well as in decision-making tasks, except for the Stroop task.
Results suggest that slowness in OCD may be most apparent on executive tests requiring self-initiated organizational strategies, consistent with frontostriatal abnormality.
Such cognitive results would be compatible with recent findings showing reduced functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal network even in migraineurs without overt executive dysfunctions, i.e. with scores on executive tests above the normal cut-off values [25].
Similar(26)
A Roanoke executive tested it in an office bathroom, with the exhaust fan running.
"We've implemented Click to Meet internally," said Curt Wheeling, an Advanced TelCom executive, "and it truly passes the executive test.
There is nothing like a disaster to provide a defining moment for a chief executive, testing his leadership and altering his legacy for the better -- consider Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani of New York after the 2001 terrorist attacks -- or worse.
In a first set of analyses, we compared these lesion subgroups for each executive test.
Importantly, those scoring poorest on the executive test (i.e. with the weakest executive control) showed the largest discrepancy between intended and actual behaviour.
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