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Analysis performed in this study controls for democracy by using the executive constraints (XCONST) variable in Polity 2 data [ 34].
Model 2 excludes war duration in days and cumulative deaths in conflict, but includes additional armed conflict-related variables (e.g. government victory, rebel victory) and controls for executive constraints, GDP per capita, and primary school enrollment.
Similar(56)
In the analysis performed, the potential influence of regime type is controlled by using the executive constraint variable.
21 In brief, the score was based on three criteria: (1) openness and competitiveness in the recruitment of the chief executive; (2) constraints on the authority of the chief executive; and (3) political participation and opposition.
Still, the prevailing view among analysts and industry executives is that constraints could continue to affect manufacturers of computers, cell phones and numerous other electronic devices well into next year.
In the name of "flexibility" and budget constraints, executives are advancing their own corporate and elitist interests.
Passage of a financial bailout with flimsy constraints on executive compensation has invigorated the public and policymakers alike to take action to curb excessive executive pay.
They measure a developing country's "polity score", based on factors like transparency and constraints on executive power.
But it's also killed innocents, fed anti-American sentiment and eroded the constraints on executive power in troubling ways.
And second, Mr. Cheney and his ideologues, who had long chafed at any legal constraints on executive power, preyed on that panic to advance their agenda.
He too prefers exit over voice (meaning that he thinks that leaving and joining are better constraints on executive power than the ballot box).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com