To test whether raclopride effects were specific for motor skill acquisition or were the result of a movement execution deficit, the drug was injected during the plateau phase of the learning curve, when no further skill learning occurred (injections before training on days 11 and 12, n = 5).
To test whether 6-OHDA+D effects were specific for motor skill acquisition or were the result of a movement execution deficit, the drug was injected during the plateau phase of the learning curve, when no further skill learning occurred (injection on day 11, n = 10).
Results indicate a deficiency in inhibitory motor control in people who stutter in a task that does not rely on overt speech production and cannot be explained by general deficits in executive control or speeded motor execution.
Deficits in the execution of the CPT have been detected in chronic schizophrenia and in adolescent and adult patients during early stages of the illness, in nonpsychotic relatives of patients, and in offspring at risk of inheriting the illness from their schizophrenic parents [ 13].
This is in accord with focal lesion studies of patients with agraphia due predominantly to a deficit in the motor execution of writing rather than a central linguistic deficit (Basso et al. 1978; Alexander et al. 1992; Otsuki et al. 1999).
The exclusion criteria were as follows: (i) a history of other neurological, psychiatric or severe ocular diseases; (ii) a best corrected visual acuity of <20/70; and (iii) language deficits hindering task executions.
Although it is unclear whether this impaired behavioral response is the result of deficits in motor planning, execution, or both, it is known that PD patients have deficits in sensorimotor integration [44].
The presence of noticeable deficits in the proper execution of water maze, prepulse inhibition, and passive avoidance tasks in TgIE96 animals raises interesting questions regarding cerebellar contributions to those different learning tasks.
Morris et al. [ 1] found no significant difference in planning time between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, but a deficit in accuracy and execution time in patients – results similar to those in patients with frontal lobe lesions [ 8].
In patients with schizophrenia, the observed deficits in performance during SOC are in agreement with results presented by Morris et al. [ 1]: unimpaired planning times, deficits in accuracy and movement execution times, and a strong effect of task difficulty.
