One explanation for these findings, the "response account," holds that younger children fail the elicited-response false belief task because of difficulties in executing the response-selection and response-inhibition processes, but not in executing the false-belief-representation process [ 2].
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Crucially, fMRI data revealed that temporal orienting activated the left IPS even if the motor effector that would be used to execute the response was unpredictable.
Rather than rely on the very late reactive stop signal, subjects were told to use the proactive cue to decide whether to execute the response or withhold it.
This was done to exclude the possibility that incorrect trials would not reflect errors in the decision-making process, but rather would reflect noise in the motor program required to execute the response.
According to the "response account," reviewed earlier, succeeding in this type task requires not only the ability of false-belief-representation, but also the ability to execute the response-selection and response-inhibition processes [ 2].
The same cerebellar areas are also known to contribute to the acquisition of conditioned responses, and in executing the unconditioned response.
When required to make quick, discrete responses to two stimuli separated in time by one-half second or less, an operator's reaction time (latency) for executing the second response is typically longer than that of his first response.
The conflict monitoring model by Botvinick et al. (2001) specifies that the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) plays a central role in error detection, serving as a learning signal that increases the threshold for executing the subsequent response.
The finding that a common set of stress-responsive factors (i.e., HIPK2 and Pin1) governs both the transcription-independent and -dependent arms of p53's apoptotic program emphasizes the cooperative nature of these phases in fully executing the cellular response to stress stimuli.
