Next, the matched genes were submitted to execute pathways and GO enrichment.
They are responsible for executing apoptotic pathways, or programmed cell death, and for activation of cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18.
Macrophages may well exert differential distress/trophic signalling cascades, executing death pathways in some cell types (Burguillos et al., 2011) while aiding in debris removal and repair in others (Kondo et al., 2011).
Necroptosis is an important form of lytic cell death triggered by injury and infection, but whether mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is sufficient to execute this pathway is unknown.
Our data indicate an intrinsic apoptotic pathway executing anoikis as evidenced by preferential caspase-9 activity and cleavage.
Taken together, our data point to p53 and its upstream activators, Chk2 and ATM, as a functional pathway executing response to DNA-damaging chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
These findings indicate the ATM-chk2-p53 cascade to be an important pathway executing drug-induced cell death in breast cancers in vivo.
Nevertheless, there are some contradicting opinions that question the involvement of caspases and modulation of Bax/Bcl-2 in the gamma-tocotrienol executed apoptotic pathways [ 6, 7, 14, 15].
Mature neutrophils contain few mitochondria, although the amount of these apoptosis 'orchestrating' organelles is sufficient to trigger and execute common pathways of apoptosis and to express the signals essential for the effective clearance of them [ 89, 91].
In addition to the findings that ganetespib can affect GC cell growth by inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, we are also interested in searching for signaling pathways executing these processes.
Just as some viruses express caspase inhibitors that are not neutralised by Smac/DIABLO (e.g., CrmA), some cancer cells harbour defects that prevent them from executing mitochondria-independent pathways to apoptosis (e.g., MCF-7 breast cancer cells are deficient in caspase-3).
