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In contrast to nuclear DNA, mtDNA is exclusively transmitted through maternal inheritance (Taylor and Turnbull, 2005).
The behavior, as Kopps points out, is "almost exclusively transmitted from mothers to their offspring through social learning".
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), responsible for the economically important court-noué disease, is exclusively transmitted to its natural host in the vineyards through Xiphinema nematodes.
Unlike genes, which are almost exclusively transmitted "vertically"—from parent to offspring fairy tales can also spread horizontally when one culture intermingles with another.
In contrast to the nuclear genome, mtDNA is segregated in a non-Mendelian manner and is exclusively transmitted through maternal inheritance (Ingman et al., 2000).
The pandemic and epidemic influenza viruses that have circulated in humans throughout the past century were all transmitted via the airborne route, in contrast to many other respiratory viruses that are exclusively transmitted via contact.
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The strategy a2 is contrary to a1, i.e., exclusively transmitting on subcarrier n = 2 with maximum power.
The Viannia subgenus is exclusively found in the New World and is only transmitted by Lutzomyia sand flies [ 6].
The largest expansions, associated with congenital form of disease, are almost exclusively maternally transmitted [ 40, 45], though a few cases of paternally transmitted congenital form have been reported [ 54, 55].
The mitoproteome consists of an estimated 1400 proteins (Pagliarini et al. 2008), including the 13 polypeptides and 24 non-coding tRNA and rRNA genes encoded by the mitochondria's own genetic material (mtDNA) that are exclusively maternally transmitted.
Therefore, since Neotyphodium endophytes are exclusively vertically transmitted and none of them are known to be transmitted by host pollen, endophytic fungi seem to be trapped within host plants, while host plants can live without the infection (Clay 1993, 2008; do Valle Ribeiro 1993; Ravel et al. 1997).
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