Albugo candida is a member of the Albuginales, which is comprised exclusively of obligate biotrophs that have adapted to a wide diversity of hosts [ 25, 26].
These B. calyciflorus strains reproduce exclusively by obligate parthenogenesis (OP) and no longer respond to the chemical signal that induces mixis in cyclical parthenogenetic (CP) strains.
Roussel is a key species for comparative genomics in the oomycetes as the archetypal crop pathogen in the Albuginales, which is an order that consists exclusively of obligate biotrophs.
In conclusion, the genetic survey of the alate aphids revealed that sexual reproduction occurs in French populations of A. gossypii, challenging the commonly shared view that the melon aphid reproduces exclusively by obligate parthenogenesis even in temperate regions [ 36].
These findings suggest that exchange transporters do not function exclusively as obligate exchangers. Widdows, K. L., Panitchob, N., Crocker, I. P., Please, C. P., Hanson, M. A., Sibley, C. P., Johnstone, E. D., Sengers, B. G., Lewis, R. M., Glazier, J. D. Integration of computational modeling with membrane transport studies reveals new insights into amino acid exchange transport mechanisms.
Tarsiers are the only extant obligate carnivorous primates, exclusively eating insects, crustaceans, small vertebrates and snakes (including venomous species).
Cluster III contains nifH genes that are almost exclusively found in obligate anaerobes including methanogenic Archaea, Treponema, Clostridium and sulfate-reducing and sulfur-reducing species of Deltaproteobacteria. Cluster II contains anfH, alternative nitrogenases that are paralogs of nifH and use an Fe Fe cofactor in place of the Fe Mo cofactor used by nifH (17).
Obligate hyperaccumulators are exclusively found on ultramafic soil and all populations of the particular species are hyperaccumulators.
All bat flies are obligate blood-feeders, exclusively adapted to bats.
