It was the sum of months of exclusive breastfeeding and the weighted months of mixed breast milk and formula (duration of exclusive breastfeeding [months] + duration of mixed breast- and formula-feeding [months] × exclusivity weight).
The risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia were determined to be Asian ethnicity, exclusive breastfeeding, weight loss, and a sibling with neonatal jaundice [ 17].
KMC has multiple other benefits, including reductions in infection and sepsis by nearly 60% [ 2, 15, 16], as well as reductions in hypothermia and lower respiratory tract disease, and improved duration of exclusive breastfeeding, weight gain, length and head circumference, maternal-infant bonding and long-term child development and health [ 10, 14- 21].
We cannot exclude the possibility that exclusive breastfeeding influences weight development, but it does not seem to protect against obesity at five years of age.
These explanations are not mutually exclusive, but the weight of evidence suggests that most extant populations of L. boeticus have descended from expansion after one or more bottlenecks.
Breastfeeding exclusivity was quantified using weights from 0 to 1, with exclusive breastfeeding having a weight of 1 and exclusive formula-feeding having a weight of 0. For infants fed both breast milk and formula, exclusivity was equal to 0.25 for "more formula than breast milk"; 0.50 for "formula and breast milk equally"; and 0.75 for "more breast milk than formula".
In an interview, he continued: "John D. Rockefeller used them all: exclusive contracting, throwing your weight around, scaring off the competition".
The four factors are not mutually exclusive and scores may weight in a particular direction.
According to the IOTF definition, child BMI is classified into 4 mutually exclusive categories: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese.
Our conclusion is that although there still is a possibility that breastfeeding influences weight development, exclusive breastfeeding does not seem to protect against obesity, at least not in early childhood.
