This confirms the importance of mutual and non-exclusive cooperation in which universities assume an absorptive pro-active approach for creating knowledge.
Denmark's LiqTech International Inc has signed an exclusive close cooperation agreement with engineering and construction company Constructora Conconcreto South America in Colombia and Venezuela following a successful 12-month trial period with LiqTech's ceramic membranes for water filtration in the oil & gas industry.
Additionally, it is important to be clear that parasitism need not be a mutually exclusive factor stabilizing cooperation.
Theory predicts that such specialization is promoted by non-mutually exclusive mechanisms such as cooperation and relatedness amongst cell lineages [ 10], cheater control [ 1, 19, 20] and adaptive responses to tradeoffs between survival and reproductive functions, i.e. a covariance effect augmenting the fitness of the group over the average fitness of its members [ 14].
Several non-mutually exclusive mechanisms may promote cooperation and group persistence, including kin selection (e.g., [ 40- 42]), rewards and sanctions (e.g., [ 43, 44]), spatial and network structure (e.g., [ 45- 47]), and signals involving kin or non-kin (e.g., [ 48- 50]).
Exclusive reliance on quiet dialogue and cooperation becomes a charade designed more to appease critics of complacency than to secure change.
The two countries also signed a memorandum of cooperation saying Libya would enter exclusive negotiations with France to purchase military equipment, Agence France-Presse said.
Bessa (2009) for instance, argues that the North has currently redefined resettlement of refugees "as an exclusive protection tool and instrument of international cooperation" (p. 91).
Its technical cooperation projects have a dominant but not exclusive geographical focus on Latin American and Portuguese-speaking African countries, and on the agricultural, educational, and health sectors.
Inclusive fitness theory tells us that cooperation can be favoured in two non-mutually exclusive ways.
