The extracted information included trial characteristics (single or multicentre and country), characteristics of the trial participants (age, sex, and disease severity), criteria for inclusion and exclusion, type of intervention (indication, dosing, duration, and comparator fluid), and outcomes.
Exclusion: Type 1 diabetic patients, those who refused consent, those who were judged by the clinical nurse practitioner or medical officer as unable to participate in the intervention (for example due to acute illness, mental illness, dementia or another justifiable reason).
In the Methods section we added two reasons for exclusion: Types of studies: we excluded studies that reported < ten eligible patients, because we assumed that these studies would not give robust results.
Type 2 diabetes will be the exclusion of Type 1 and other subtypes where the aetiology is known (eg, secondary diabetes or monogenic diabetes).
Exclusion criteria: type 1 diabetes, latent immune diabetes of the adults, gestational diabetes, and other type of diabetes, pregnancy, neoplasms, as well as any major medical condition in the 6 months preceding the study (i.e. liver, kidney, and heart failure).
Exclusion of type I tRNA from codon constraints for these amino acids resulted in the recovery of the basal placement of the Tyr coding function, but not of the rest.
According to the extension of the CONSORT statement for NI trials, the method section should include additional information on how identical the inclusion and exclusion criteria, type of interventions and outcomes to previous efficacy trial of the active comparator were.
Reason for exclusion: study type not eligible.
After exclusion of type of prosthetic fixation from the analysis, the risk ratios for the groups with different geographical origin remained almost unchanged.
Two authors (Roberto Cirocchi, Veronica Grassi) extracted independently the data from the included studies including patients' demographics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, type of intervention, and outcomes of interest.
We extracted the following descriptive data of the included studies: Bibliographic information (author, publication year, title, journal), country, setting, study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, type of recruitment, study population (age, gender distribution), and study duration.
