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If it could not be assessed with certainty whether there was reason for exclusion of a record the record was kept for the second selection step.
A common mechanism to achieve differential privacy is the Laplace mechanism [ 18] which injects calibrated noise to a statistical measure determined by the privacy parameter ϵ and the sensitivity of the statistical measure influenced by the inclusion and exclusion of a record in the dataset.
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This screening resulted in the exclusion of a total of 7710 records.
For example, in a review (41) of restrictions to metformin therapy conducted in Scotland, 24.5% of metformin users had filled a prescription despite active contraindications (3.4% had the specific local exclusion of a serum creatinine ≥1.7 mg/dL recorded twice on different days within 4 weeks).
This suggests a "missing completely at random" missingness mechanism, which would allow the exclusion of records missing a GPS measurement without bias [ 48].
16 After exclusion of records with a history of cancer prior to separation date or death during hospital admission for burn, a total of 22 705 patient records were included in the analysis.
A first exclusion of 28 records was based on language and another 109 records were excluded as they did not present original data (e.g. descriptive reviews, case reports, opinion papers).
It is important to note that the risk profile of a context related patient group can also be affected by the exclusion of patients (records) because of the design of a study.
Exclusion of records with MDC4 on the index record accounted for most of the chronic respiratory conditions therefore using look back for further chronic respiratory conditions was not included in the revised algorithm (Table 6).
It specifies that "any exclusion of a pupil, even for short periods of time, must be formally recorded".
At each step, differences in coding (inclusion/exclusion of a record) were resolved by consensus or referred to a third reviewer (PP).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com