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Electron-density and difference density maps are generated using F model t, excluding reflections in the free R set.
Here, we define contrast as the signal difference between micro-retroreflectors and media, excluding reflections returning from tissue inhomogeneities, when the entire platform pattern remains fully visible.
We also compared the post-refined XFEL difference map (using all 757 diffraction images) with that calculated from an isomorphous synchrotron data set and model (PDB ID: 1JW8, excluding reflections past 1.35 Å resolution to make the resolution of the diffraction data sets equivalent).
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Rmerge for the P6522 data set decreases to 8.4% after excluding reflection with I/sigI <3.
In fact, the controller does not completely exclude reflections.
The ablation is confirmed if fluorescence is detected in the band 560 615 nm, which reflects presumed water vapor in the cell cavity and excludes infrared reflections of the long-wavelength laser (Wang et al., 2013).
Rather than exclude such reflection because it does not conform to a narrowly scientific paradigm of reason, perhaps we should expand our conception of practical reason to make room for clarificatory reflection about the ends of action.
The WBSF could not be imaged clearly on the multi-channel seismic profiles, likely because the heterogeneous geological structures including fractures exclude coherent reflection events and because the dip angle of the WBSF is probably too steep to be imaged.
Excluding the offsetting sizes, reflection loss of composites is enhanced as thickness increases.
Rfree was calculated from 5% of the reflections excluded from refinement.
The free R factor is equivalent to the R factor, but is calculated using 5% of reflections excluded from the maximum-likelihood refinement stages.
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