Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) has been recognised as the disease process of liver structure and function resulting from the Fontan circulation, excluding other plausible causes such as viral hepatitis or alcohol toxicity.
These normative user behaviours have the advantage that they clarify assumptions about how the system will be used but have the disadvantage that they may exclude many plausible deviations from these norms.
While many climate change assessments conclude that global sea-level will only rise on the order of 0.5 m by the end of the twenty first century, there is no scientific basis to exclude a plausible global rise exceeding 2 m and local changes exceeding ±3 m.
Our studies excluded other plausible mechanisms including alteration of LPS and failure to anchor fully polymerized polysaccharide to the bacterial surface.
To exclude the plausible contribution of Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels 20 mM caffeine puffs were applied in the presence (1.8 mM Ca2+; Figure 3D, left) and absence (Figure 3D, right) of bath Ca2+.
The prospective epidemiological studies indicate that lead exposure in childhood precedes criminal acts in young adulthood but it is much more difficult to exclude other plausible explanations of the association.
"It is up to [the researchers] to exclude other, more plausible alternatives, and I just do not think they have done that".
Consequently, it is likely that some of the drugs that were excluded due to plausible use for dementia disorders may have been prescribed for an actual diagnosis and treatment for a mental disorder and should have been included in the study (diagnosis bias).
It is unlikely that so large a number of researchers would fail to publish their studies, effectively excluding publication bias as a plausible explanation for the positive result.
