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They can, however, affect macromolecular thermodynamic stability through preferential exclusion from the protein surface, which raises the protein free energy in proportion to the preferentially excluding exposed surface area [18].
This suggests that the smaller caliper would produce a smaller mean difference between matched pairs without losing too much power by excluding exposed subjects with no appropriate match.
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We matched up to four unexposed women to each exposed one, and we excluded exposed women with no match from the matched analyses.
Brumos et al. [ 21] compared the partial leaf transcriptomes of Citrus rootstocks Cleopatra mandarin (a good shoot Cl− excluder) and Carrizo citrange (a poor shoot Cl− excluder) exposed to NaCl and KCl stress using a cDNA microarray covering 6,875 putative unigenes.
Comparable results were produced by excluding participants exposed to >50 μg/L iAs on average (data not shown).
However, the magnitude of this risk was modest (OR = 1.43) and decreased rather than increased with use of more stringent reference groups excluding those exposed to secondhand smoke.
Our lag-time subanalysis excluding subjects exposed during the last 10 years prior to diagnosis revealed elevated risks of lumbar disc diseases in men and women with high exposure to manual materials handling and working postures.
We adjusted for both questionnaire-based exposure to passive smoking and cotinine urinary levels; our sensitivity analyses showed that excluding subjects exposed to passive smoking, as assessed by questionnaire or cotinine urinary levels, did not alter associations between benzene and head circumference, compared with adjusted analyses.
If we have succeeded in excluding pregnancies exposed to factors known to pathologically affect fetal growth we have addressed (ii), though the cost is the exclusion of a disproportionate number of infants born preterm, particularly very preterm, as can be seen in Table 2.
This could result in fewer undetected pregnancies exposed to hepatitis A vaccine, thereby explaining the slightly increased risk of miscarriage after vaccination with bivalent HPV as well as the differences observed when excluding pregnancies exposed to hepatitis A vaccine from the unexposed pregnancies.
The relationship between blood cadmium and tubular proteinuria was strong, even when we excluded occupationally exposed participants.
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