For this, we performed three global simulations for a year (2005) by excluding fossil fuel combustion, biofuel combustion, and biomass burning sources, respectively.
A reference case which excludes the pre-combustion cycle and only consists of the power cycle without CO2 capture was analyzed at both design and off-design conditions for comparison.
The gas lifecycle has been simplified to four steps, as shown in Figure 1: extraction, gas treatment, pipeline transmission, and combustion at power station to generate electricity (excluding transmission losses).
The oxyfuel process is based on excluding the inert components (mainly nitrogen) of air from the combustion process.
The fixed carbon content, which was the mass left over after the releases of volatiles excluding the ash and moisture contents, produced a char and was burned as a solid material in the combustion system.
In other words, not all the benefits are going to show up on the cost-benefit analysis if you draw the criteria too narrowly, excluding the dividends of getting people mentally prepared for a more efficient transportation future in which cars powered by internal combustion engines play a smaller role.
Excluding Cruisin' of course.
The special status for coal ash dates back to 1980, when Congress passed legislation sought by the energy industry that excluded most oil and coal combustion wastes from the federal rules that give the government broad authority to regulate solid waste.
Each industry was evaluated in terms of emitted emissions only from industrial processes, and fuel combustion activities were excluded (except cement industry).
The importance of PM10 sources (e.g., regional combustion, secondary sulfate) excluded from the final multisource model should not be diminished because the statistical elimination procedure does not indicate or account for biological importance.
