Sentence examples for excluding characters from inspiring English sources

To explore the effect of excluding characters, as we had done, on phylogenetic reconstructions, we also subjected the complete data set to reconstructions (but excluding invariant characters); this data set included 99 characters.

We follow Weisbecker et al. [ 22] in refraining from excluding characters that where coded as simultaneous, as we think that in our data set changes from simultaneity suggests in most cases real changes in timing and not lack of resolution.

Consistent with these results, we also found that excluding characters with missing data resulted in poorer resolution (but not significantly different topologies) than if all characters were included (data not presented here).

To investigate the effect of including functionally convergent characters, we reanalyzed the morphological data excluding characters that both: (i) unambiguously supported spurious clades, and (ii) were related to feeding ecology (i.e. concerning dentition, tongue structure and musculature); results are shown in Table 4.

Thus, while it might seem that we should ask whether excluding character evidence maximizes veritistic value, the real question is whether admitting it does.

Examples of excluded characters are the shape and development of pigmentation, detailed carapace or scale differentiations – all characters important for staging prehatching embryos of a particular species.

It was easy to identify and ultimately exclude characters with nonhomologous character states using the "Step 3.2: Check Mappings" window (Fig. 1).

The set of excluded characters, and thus the total length of the alignment, differs slightly from previous analyses [[ 1- 3]; see Additional file 3].

The excluded characters were characters which we suspected to be functionally coupled with temporary social parasitism, either (i) because of direct functional reasoning, or (ii) because they are known to be correlated with social parasitism in other ant genera which contain both parasitic and non-parasitic species.

So, for example, FRE 404, on its face, excludes character evidence in most contexts, though, in fact, the exception in 404(b) largely swallows the rule.

We have therefore scored a number of taxa differently for some characters, redefined other characters and excluded three characters that did not appear to us to comprise discrete states (characters 100, 212 and 237).