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Unlike other authors, we excluded wrist fractures from this analysis.
The excluded wrist patients (mean age, 76.0 ± 11.5 years) on average were nine years older than the wrist patients accepted into the study (p < 0.001).
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Three minutes later, a pediatric blood pressure cuff was positioned around the wrist to exclude wrist flow artifact, and a silicone strain gauge (Hokanson EC 5R; D.E. Hokanson, Inc., Bellevue, WA) was positioned so that it encircled the forearm at its widest diameter.
Sixty-eight wrist and 210 hip fracture patients were excluded (21 wrist patients and 134 hip patients) or were unwilling to participate in the study (47 wrist patients and 76 hip patients).
We excluded people who had wrist and low back disease.
The cases with abnormal ulnar studies at the wrist were excluded to avoid other types of neuropathy being misdiagnosed as CTS.
Pregnant women, patients having a life supporting implanted electronic device, patients with additional fractures of wrist, carpal or metacarpal bones and pre-existing impairment in wrist function are excluded.
Subjects showing a shift of more than 2 hours during 8 days of wrist actigrapy were excluded.
Similarly, patients with any procedure code for carpal tunnel release were excluded from our estimates of wrist arthroscopy not performed for carpal tunnel release.
Among these 23 neuropathy patients, four patients with radiculopathy and four patients with median nerve neuropathy at wrist were further excluded.
Patients who were suffering from dementia or psychiatric diseases, or who had a history of previous fracture in one of the wrists were also excluded.
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