The principal technologies for producing syngas from natural gas are: catalytic steam methane reforming (SMR), two-step reforming, autothermal reforming (ATR), partial oxidation (POX), and heat exchange reforming.
Improvements in syngas technology are discussed, including: CO2 reforming, autothermal reforming and heat exchange reforming, and the energy efficiencies of direct and indirect methane conversion are compared and contrasted.
Privatization, partial or total, allowing foreign capital to enter and exit the stock exchange, reforming and simplifying exchange control, and allowing a gradual full convertibility for the Algerian dinar (DZA).
The currency-exchange reform and its aftermath have disillusioned people.
Beijing, they say, is already convinced that exchange rate reform offers benefits.
But their pain might be eased if they were promised money in exchange for reform.
If that doesn't get done, we have the obligation to provide relief in exchange for reform".
President Hu Jintao of China is expected to politely decline, insisting that exchange rate reform will come in due time.
The administration cited commitments made by the Chinese president, Hu Jintao, during a state visit here last month to promote "exchange rate reform" and allow greater "exchange rate flexibility".
Everything to which Germany has assented has been part of a bargain: peripheral countries get help, but only in exchange for reform.
But most importantly, this marks key progress for RMB exchange rate reform since 2005 and a major step for RMB marketisation".
