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In turn, PtG is called to help converting excessive wind energy into natural gas, which will prevent wind spillage and facilitate an economic operation.
Since this amount of natural gas is produced by excessive wind energy which is otherwise spilled, the total system operation cost is reduced to $1220094.8 as shown in Table 1.
Case 2: PtG is considered in this case for economically converting excessive wind energy to compatible natural gas, which is otherwise spilled in Case 1. Natural gas produced by PtG facilities is transported and consumed by other natural gas loads.
Case 4: PtG facility in the energy hub is considered based on Case 3. In this case, PtG can provide ramping down capabilities for power systems by converting excessive wind energy into natural gas.
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Since wind power does not incur operation cost and PtG facilities can convert excessive wind power into natural gas and consequently reduce the total gas production cost of natural gas system, wind energy will be economically utilized as much as possible.
We present and analyze two business cases in the Belgian-European energy landscape for using upward consumption flexibility to deal with excessive wind power injection.
The growing worldwide energy consumption and consequent raising in concerns on environmental issues derived from excessive reliance on fossil fuels are prompting to develop renewable energy sources, e.g., solar and wind energy systems.
South Australia achieved around 25% penetration of wind energy in 2011, which can expose the interconnectors to other states to excessive power flow variability, resulting in reduced effective capacity to export excess wind or to import balancing services [16].
Solar energy and wind energy remain expensive.
Wind energy companies.
Wind energy projects require even more land.
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