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We previously reported a relationship between prenatal PCB exposure and impulsive (excessive) responding on a continuous performance task in children at 4 1/2 years of age [P.W. Stewart, S. Fitzgerald, J. Reihman, B. Gump, E. Lonky, T. Darvill, J. Pagano, P. Hauser, Prenatal PCB exposure, the corpus callosum, and response inhibition, Environmental Health Perspectives 111 (13 2003b3b) 1670 1677.].
Finally, impaired response inhibition and excessive responding during delayed reinforcement paradigms is consistent with alterations in the function of the pre-frontal cortex (PFC).
We investigated the notion that excessive responding in OCD patients is due to a failure to adjust (i.e., devalue) goal-directed behavior, rather than indicative of stimulus-response habit.
The animal literature concerning both PCBs and Pb has repeatedly demonstrated excessive responding on delayed or intermittent reinforcement schedules in exposed animals (Cory-Slechta 1990; Lilienthal et al. 1990; Rice 1992 , 1997 19992).
Stewart et al. (2003b) showed that children exposed prenatally to PCBs have demonstrated excessive responding during continuous performance tasks (CPT), which are traditional measures of attention and impulse control.
As described above, excessive responding with shorter interresponse times on a DRL schedule was correlated with both PCB and lead exposure in children from the Oswego cohort (Stewart et al. 2006).
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Furthermore, cocaine self-administration has been shown to normalise excessive impulsive responding in rats (Dalley et al., 2007).
PTSD is characterized by excessive fear responding to trauma reminders that persist in the presence of safety reminders.
She criticised officials for frustrating her investigation of the Guardian's complaint through excessive delays in responding.
"The central issue is to ask whether Israel has used excessive force in responding to the Palestinian political demonstrations," said Falk.
But while it determined that the Israeli commandos had been attacked when they boarded the ship, it also found that the commandos used excessive force in responding.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com