Although the mechanisms of those delayed effects of ionizing radiation are unclear, excessive production of reactive oxygen species has been implicated [ 27].
Mediators that also promote premature stress-induced senescence of resident and transplanted cells include ethanol, ionizing radiations, mitomycin C, or excessive mechanical stress, and have been associated with age-related pathologies such as OA, which also involves pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF -α [ 110, 112, 115, 116].
Frequent exposure of humans to ionizing radiation may cause male infertility [37] and excessive ROS is associated with radiation-induced damage to germ line [38].
It has been known for many years that exposure of crop plant cells under natural conditions of growth and development to physical radiations such as ionizing FN and nonionizing UV-B resulted in excessive production of free radicals ROS [ 1, 2], respectively.
Numerous physiological and pathological processes such as ageing, excessive caloric intake, infections, inflammatory disorders, environmental toxins, pharmacological treatments, emotional or psychological stress, ionizing radiation, cigarette smoke and alcohol increase the bodily concentration of oxidizing substances, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) or, more commonly, free radicals.
This may occur as a consequence of an endogenous imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability of cellular antioxidant mechanisms to readily prevent excessive ROS accumulation, maintaining a physiological equilibrium, as well as exogenous oxidative insults, including cell exposure to xenobiotics or ionizing radiations [36].
"Microwaves are not ionizing radiation.
DNA is highly susceptible to ionizing radiation.
"You suck up all your energy in ionizing the atmosphere".
immunoprecipitation. ionizing radiation.
