That was malfeasance, declared the eminent U.S. economist: "Far from being powerless, the Bank of Japan could achieve a great deal if it were willing to abandon its excessive caution and its defensive response to criticism".
In a hard-hitting 2000 paper titled "Japanese Monetary Policy: A Case of Self-Induced Paralysis?" Bernanke declared that "far from being powerless, the Bank of Japan could achieve a great deal if it were willing to abandon its excessive caution and its defensive response to criticism".
He also points out that in order to avoid being slapped with a malpractice suit, doctors and hospitals now practice defensive medicine, ordering excessive tests and treatments that, in turn, are driving up the overall cost of health care.
Far from suggesting that doctors should let nature take its course, an evolutionary perspective suggests that many defensive reactions are excessive or entirely unnecessary.
Mutants with a deletion of sodB show a reduced gastric mucosal-colonization ability in mice, suggesting that SodB plays an indispensable role in the colonization of host gastric mucosa owing to its defensive role against excessive ROS [ 7].
So perhaps we shouldn't be surprised that Whitman has now put the CNA on the defensive for alleged nepotism and excessive union salaries.
Reasons for excessive ordering of tests by doctors include defensive behaviour and uncertainty, lack of experience, inadequate educational feedback, and clinicians' unawareness about costs [ 4, 5].
Some Giants defensive backs were giving Rams wide receivers excessive cushions, scared that the receivers would run by them.
This early-stage platelet deposition and accumulation triggers the initiation of hemostasis, a self-defensive mechanism to prevent the body from excessive blood loss.
In spite of this high failure rate, malpractice actions have worsened the situation by further encouraging excessive, expensive, and higher risk care under the rationale of defensive medicine.
