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Crop production problems in agriculture are encountered when excess salinity (salt accumulation) occurs in soils in arid climates where the rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitation.
Excess salinity reduces the osmotic activity of plants (Subramani et al. 2005).
The excess salinity, also called salinity hazard, causes crop loss by reducing the osmotic activity of plants.
Excess salinity may lead to degradation of arable land and exclusion from agricultural production by worsening of their properties.
Excess salinity reduces the osmotic activity of plants and thus interferes with the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil (Saleh et al. 1999).
Excess salinity interferes with the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil by reducing the osmotic activity of plants (Saleh et al. 1999).
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Five years of global sea-surface salinity from space.
P. latifolia is a drought- and salt-stress-tolerant evergreen shrub species growing in the Mediterranean maquis, forests (Gratani and Bombelli 2000; Ogaya and Peñuelas 2003) and on seashore dunes, where excess soil salinity and salt spray are additional stress agents (Ogaya and Peñuelas 2003).
Lipid-extracted algae application may be one means of increasing OC; however, problems with excess soil salinity, sodicity, and nitrate-N may occur at high (3.0% or greater) addition rates.
Genes involved in photosynthesis in plants and algae are sensitive to various environmental stimuli, such as excess light, salinity, metals, etc. [ 53– 53].
Halophytes may also employ shoot succulence, salt exclusion from roots, salt excretion through specialized salt glands and sequestering excess salt in old leaves to complete their life cycle under salinity (Flowers and Colmer 2008; Shabala and Mackay 2011).
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