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Given the excess replacement variation seen on these internal branches compared to fixation to an outgroup, it is even possible that selection could be acting to maintain some non-synonymous variation at CYTB in this region.
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The MK test evaluates whether an excess of replacement mutations versus synonymous mutations had been fixed between the two species compared with replacement and synonymous polymorphisms within each species.
However, they are present as fixed differences between species and an excess of replacement fixed differences is therefore an indication of positive selection.
A binomial probability model was used to evaluate whether the excess of replacement (R) mutations in CDR or their scarcity in FR was due to chance.
Ultrafiltration in excess of replacement results in patient weight loss [ 11].
To avoid excess hormonal replacement, follow-up evaluation of endocrine function during and after chemotherapy is highly recommended.
An excess of replacement fixed differences indicates positive selection on a particular locus, whereas a dearth indicates negative selection.
Species wide molecular diversity of the two species was nearly the same with an excess of replacement mutations in S. fimbriatum.
For CYTB in the La Jolla and Santa Cruz regions, MK tests suggest an excess of replacement polymorphism, which could be attributable to segregating slightly deleterious mutations.
Similar levels of molecular diversity, contrasting phylogeographic patterns and excess of replacement mutations in S. fimbriatum compared to S. squarrosum mirror unexpected differences in the demography and population history of the species.
Such an excess of replacement divergence, along with a deficit of intraspecific nucleotide diversity (STAT-B π = 0.18%; mean π = 1.3%), is consistent with a model of recent adaptive evolution at this locus.
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