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We found that the excess prevalence of HSV-2 due to HIV is much smaller than that of HIV due to HSV-2 (Figures 1C and 2C).
For example, among women aged 30 34 years, the observed HIV prevalence in 2008 is 29.1%, but ART accounts for an excess prevalence of 3.6%, meaning that the adjusted value of HIV prevalence without ART is 25.5%.
On the other hand, the excess prevalence of having functional limitation was identified only among women without history of stroke; smaller and not significant excess prevalence of functional limitation was identified among women with history of stroke.
No excess prevalence of ER-p53+ concordant cases was found (concordant MZ 13.21%, DZ 12.84.6%, and discordant MZ 13.914.4%).
Several epidemiological studies have reported an excess prevalence of cardiac defects in communities exposed to TCE-contaminated drinking water.
The decrease in physical activity associated with city lifestyle partly explains the excess prevalence of diabetes mellitus in such groups.
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While the prevalence odds ratios were still elevated in the direction of excess prevalence in the IBS cohort, it is possible that using another variable that represented direct clinical measurements of disease severity could have improved adjustment for confounding.
Analogously, we define HSV-2 excess prevalence which provides a measure of the impact of HIV on HSV-2 epidemiology.
Since more than half the population were in fact living above 1,000 m, this explained a very large part of the overall excess prevalence.
Therefore we use HIV excess prevalence [88] as an additional measure of the synergy.
A long-term follow-up study of women with polycystic ovary syndrome also reported no excess of cardiovascular disease mortality, despite an excess of prevalence of and mortality from diabetes (Wild et al, 2000).
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