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Excess irrigation water also soaks into the earth, replenishing groundwater and, eventually, feeding surface streams.
The Webbs draw much less water than their right entitles them to, and they have eliminated a wet area at the bottom of their property, where excess irrigation water used to pool.
This efficacy was maintained in the presence of blood, excess irrigation fluids, and layering of Seprafilm, as well as under ischemic conditions.
Subsurface drainage lowers the high water tables, and the main causes of the rise in water table are precipitation, excess irrigation, leaching water, seeps from higher land or irrigation canal and ditches and groundwater under artesian pressure.
Despite the high rate of groundwater pumping for irrigation, a slight recharge returned to the aquifer from excess irrigation water and leakage from treated wastewater through the river bed of the Zarqa River.
In addition to this, excess irrigation raises the water table to within 2 m of soil surface through capillary action, this coupled with poor percolation due to impervious strata, application of excessive fertilizers, restricted soil drainage and changes in cropping pattern lead to salinization of the shallow waters of this region.
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The infiltration could occur directly from the streambed that receives discharge from treatment facilities (Diaz-Cruz and Barcelo 2008; Eckert and Irmscher 2006), or indirectly from excess agricultural irrigation in downstream riparian areas (BGS et al. 1998).
Our experiments were performed with excess of irrigation to remove the effect of drought from the physiological response, which could explain why there is not reduction of the water content in plants exposed to high temperature conditions.
The reason of excesses on irrigation water applied could be due to the adopted Kc values as obtained from literature for variety region.
Excess of sodium in irrigation water can affect flow rate, permeability, infiltration and soil structure promoting soil dispersion.
To assess the excess of sodium in irrigation water, sodium adsorption ratio SAR index was calculated by Eq. (2) using sodium, calcium and magnesium concentrations (meq L−1).
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