Then the "positive output gap"—a measure of excess demand was equivalent to 6% of GDP; today it is thought to be a more manageable 1.5-2 1.5-2%P.
After the BoJ turned off the monetary printing presses in March and began to drain ¥20 trillion $175 billionn) of excess liquidity the equivalent of 4% of GDP from the banking system, the Japanese stockmarket dropped violently.
That caloric excess is equivalent to eating fast food, researchers say.
During the month of July there were an estimated 696 excess deaths, equivalent to a 30% increase.
This may reflect different evolutionary forces affecting GC and AT skews differentially and, essentially, purine excess is equivalent to the sum of GC and AT skews and keto excess to their subtraction [ 32].
Time spent on each activity was used to estimate the associated excess metabolic equivalent hours (MET-hours) and this value was compared across categories of physical activity reported at recruitment.
They reported that limited oxygen served as electron acceptor that consumed excess reducing equivalents (NADH) generated during biomass synthesis.
A hydrogenase can also act as a safety valve to maintain the redox balance by using the excess reducing equivalents due to the fact that this is an exergonic reaction and no energy is conserved (Madigan et al. [2009]).
In the presence of hydrogen, there are excess reducing equivalents in the pool that can further be converted into other reduced compounds in order to maintain the redox balance.
In the mitochondria, the excess reducing equivalents can be oxidised by the respiratory electron transport chain.
