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But in these water-based systems, excess effects due to the presence of nanoparticles are difficult to discern).
We would argue that it's those excess effects of technology that produce the most radical – and also sometimes most unsettling – moral, philosophical, social and cultural changes.
However, this resulted only in minor changes in the estimated excess effects.
Another approach to detecting unmeasured ions is to examine the base excess effects of the sodium chloride strong ion difference and the albumin weak acid effect [ 29].
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This term quantitatively describes the excess effect of MWs on thermal conduction.
Lactate, another strong anion, will have a base excess effect of -3.7 mmol/l.
These effects are then subtracted from the standard base excess to give the base excess effect of unmeasured ions.
The plasma phosphate concentration was 1.7 mmol/l and will have a base excess effect of -3.1 mmol/l [ 30].
This acidosis is offset by an alkalinizing albumin base excess effect of 8 mmol/l assuming a normal albumin value of 42 g/l [ 38].
Main effects of nucleotides at variable positions 3 and 4 are shown, as is the epistatic effect of nucleotide combinations, defined as the excess effect beyond that predicted under additivity.
The difference between the principal plasma strong ions, sodium and chloride, is 34 mmol/l, which has an acidifying base excess effect of -4 mmol/l assuming the reference value is 38 mmol/l [ 38].
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