Some distant day, when Michael Phelps can puff away in peace and swimming records are no longer cheaper than Wall Street stocks, what happened to Therese Alshammar in Australian waters this week may look like the beginning of the end of an age of aquatic excess.
Low-cost and simple technologies are needed to reduce watershed export of excess nitrogen to sensitive aquatic ecosystems.
Despite decades of work on implementing best management practices to reduce the movement of excess nitrogen (N) to aquatic ecosystems, the amount of N in streams and rivers remains high in many watersheds.
Although aposymbiotic anemones, like other aquatic animals, excrete excess (and potentially toxic) ammonium produced by amino acid breakdown (Wright 1995), symbiotic anemones need to supply nitrogen to their dinoflagellates (Pernice et al. 2012).
Part of the luxuriant growth of higher aquatic plants and excess stock of the rapidly multiplying species of fish are gathered and used to augment the feed used in the animal husbandry unit.
An excess of nitrogenous compounds in an aquatic production system causes a reduction of dissolved oxygen, sudden fluctuations of pH, and a proliferation of pathogenic agents.
Despite the recognition that excess N runoff poses a risk of aquatic eutrophication, large-scale, spatially detailed N runoff trends and their drivers remain poorly understood in China.
Baron, JS; Hall, EK; Nolan, BT; Finlay, JC; Bernhardt, ES; Harrison, JA; Chan, F; Boyer, EW, The interactive effects of excess reactive nitrogen and climate change on aquatic ecosystems and water resources of the United States, Biogeochemistry, vol. 114 no.
Thus, the presence of such a constitutive antenna system in all organisms was probably maintained during evolution because it assures the level of light harvesting and photoprotection necessary in any terrestrial or aquatic environment, with limiting or excess light conditions.
Moreover, cyanobacteria have been applied as bioremediation agents to remove heavy metals from aquatic ecosystems and reduce the excess of phosphate and nitrate in farmlands (Hall et al. 1995; Ono and Cuello 2007).
