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After building a triangular mesh (e.g. discrete marching cubes), the discrete Gaussian surface curvature at vertex v is found by measuring the excess angle at vertex v made by the incident triangles.
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Atmospheric mapping function, influence and retrieval of ionospheric layers/disturbances, tropospheric water vapor, and possible measurement of vertical winds and wave velocities are investigated by use of simulation data of GPS phase path excess and bending angle.
Fold the excess fabric down, angling the fold either outward or inward.
The world's combined continental slope has a total length of approximately 300,000 km (200,000 miles) and descends at an average angle in excess of 4° from the shelf break at the edge of the continental shelf to the beginning of the ocean basins at depths of 100 to 3,200 metres (330 to 10,500 feet).
Natural water repelling surfaces, such as lotus leaves, butterfly wings, and shark scales exhibit high water contact angle in excess of approximately 150° [1]–[3].
On this basis, the semi-empirical models for combustion characteristic parameters were derived, and the quantitative relations between combustion characteristic parameters and engine operating parameters, including speed, load, spark advance angle and excess air coefficient, etc., have been built.
Trim off the excess ribbon at an angle.
The MCP is mounted at 32 mm offset of the target jet in positive y-direction to account for momentum transfer to the atoms and to detect excited atoms for all projectile scattering angles at excess energies up to 30 eV.
This paper shows that these issues may be overcome by a modification of the so-called Davis approach which provides accurate estimates of the factor of safety of slopes, even for extreme cases of steep slopes with friction angles in excess of 40° and zero dilatancy.
However, in the absence of recognized risk factors such as intra-operative notching of the femoral neck and cup inclination angles in excess of 50 degrees, component placement, in and of itself, was not associated with an increased risk of failure.
In practice, however, most patients with cam impingement have alpha angles in excess of 63° (Notzli et al. 2002, Beaule et al. 2005, Beaule et al. 2007, Clohisy et al. 2007) and so the reference intervals from our study would appear to be consistent.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com