Exceptions to the model include Bacillus phages PZA and GA-1, Pseudomonas phage Phi KMV, and several Enterobacteria phages that cluster independent of presumed host.
There are also many exceptions to the model, as revealed by transcripts showing clustering of low-frequency codons, distinct mRNA secondary structure, and internal ribosome binding sites.
Exceptions to the model of host-phage co-evolution presented by Podoviruses Bacillus phages PZA and GA-1, Pseudomonas putida phage GH-1, and a few Enterobacteria phages could be explained by broad host range, accelerated rates of change with loss of TUD phylogenetic signal, or alternate replication strategies.
Notably the Magoh2 promoter in ES cells appears to be an exception to the RAM model.
With exception to the animal model studies [ 18– 21], currently, most of the studies investigating the use and dependence of Khat in Saudi Arabia are descriptive and have evaluated its prevalence [ 22– 28].
An exception to this model at the time was Caesars Palace, an oval architectural marvel containing numerous large fountains and thousands of tons of imported Mediterranean marble; its spectacular qualities were diminished somewhat by the later addition next door of a multistory shopping mall.
Uniqlo's expansion to the United Kingdom in 2001 as their first international market entry showed an exception to this model, but overall the two brands expanded to closer countries during the early period of their internationalization.
With Italy's move to a model of collective sales, the remaining exception to this model is Spain, where each team negotiates its home rights separately.
Hempel considered historical explanation as an apparent exception to the covering-law model and attempted to show the suitability of the covering-law model even to this special case.
Our observation that +1 specificity is dependent on the identity of the phosphoacceptor represents an exception to this model.
