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Based on the criterion of cast iron beam failure not exceeding probabilities of 10−1, 10−2 and 10−3, material safety factors of 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 respectively have been obtained.
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The distribution of yearly maximum wind load effect is then calculated through the exceeding probability of directional wind speeds over the corresponding levels.
The exceeding probability of each limit state and the Mean Annual Frequency (MAF) are reduced, leading to a better safety margin of the RC structure.
To evaluate the collapse risk of selected frames, the exceeding probability of failure from different damage state were evaluated by Eq. 3 and shown in Table 7.
Based on this combination, the exceeding probability of structural damage from given damage level (D > d i ) is estimated by Eq. 1 (Nasserasadi 2006).
The seismic fragility function of frames are estimated by analytical methodology (see Nasserasadi et al. 2009) using near- and far-field earthquake records separately, and the exceeding probability of damage from different damage states are estimated for two different major cities and used for comparison of safety of frames.
The predicted wind speed is usually enumerated as the maximum wind speed which is surpassed, on average, once in every N year (return periods); for example, I.S: 875 Part-3 1987987) requires that ordinary structures be designed for an annual exceed probability of 2%% which is equivalent to 50 years of return periods.
Thus, simultaneous coinfection with Borrelia, Anaplasma/ Ehrlichia, and Bartonella found in 2.9% of I. persulcatus ticks slightly exceeded statistical probability of 1.8%.
A distance matrix was composed of all pairwise comparisons of haplotypes, for which the maximum number of mutations was determined that did not exceed the probability of parsimony by 0.95 [as defined in [ 87]].
Buying a lottery ticket is only worthwhile when the value of the win (after you figure in the cash option and taxes) exceeds the probability of winning.
All samples were categorized into one of the 5 molecular subtypes with the highest predicted probability, assuming that probability exceeding the threshold of 0.5.
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