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It was also found that a two-fold reduction in the probability of exceeding damage states might be achieved by introducing passive VS damper systems.
The probability of exceeding damage from a given damage state [P (D > d i )] is estimated by putting the fragility and hazard function in Eq. 1.
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If metallothionein exceeded, damage to proximal tubular cells occurs [ 4].
Damages from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki cases would far exceed damages from the slave-labor cases, making this decision an easy cost-benefit analysis.
Most authors agree that physical benefits of moderate quantity of workout exceed damages [ 2].
In this method, it is required to evaluate the distribution of damage index in different im and estimate the probability of exceeding of damage from each damage threshold (Nasserasadi et al. 2009).
After performing the similar evaluation for each ground motion and the four damage limit states, the probability of reaching or exceeding the damage limit states is obtained.
The second model describes the probability of exceeding different damage states as a function of intensity.
Being based on the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research equation, the LCCA relates the expected cost over the lifetime of the structure to the probability of exceeding specific damage levels.
Wild dogs running in packs in Florida, Texas and other states cause an estimated $10 million a year in livestock losses, rivaling or exceeding the damage from wolves and other indigenous canines.
If the probability of exceeding a damage performance increased, some mitigation plan should be made in advance.
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