Exact(2)
In addition to the ground shaking maps, the probability map showing the probability that the ground shaking (({text{Prob}})) will exceed the ground shaking level of interest (({text{Prob_hazard}})) in the return period ((T)) may be written as shown in Eq. (4), {text{Prob}} = 1 - e^{{( - ({text{Prob}}_{text{hazard}})(T))}} (4).
To satisfy this, Kramer (1996) demonstrated two types of PSHA maps: (1) the ground shaking map, which expresses the shaking level (PGA) that might be exceeded in any specific % POE of interest, and (2) the probability map, which illustrates the % probability that the shaking level may exceed the ground shaking level of interest.
Similar(58)
Where the flow in the drainage network exceeds its capacity, a surcharge occurs and water may spill onto the ground surface if the pressure head in a manhole exceeds the ground elevation.
Vulnerability assessment of Structures Systems and Components (SSCs) of nuclear facilities for earthquake ground motion exceeding the design basis ground motion has become a key issue to ensure safety in case of highly improbable but possible extreme earthquake event beyond design basis.
If the wind gradient is significant or sudden, or both, and the pilot maintains the same pitch attitude, the indicated airspeed will increase, possibly exceeding the maximum ground launch tow speed.
During re-entry, the peak forces on the payload (a) exceed the gravitational force on the ground (g) by a factor of up to 17.
EPA studies indicate that radon levels on upper floors are not likely to exceed the levels found in ground-contact rooms.
Peak ground acceleration exceed the full scale of 2g on the horizontal components, and was larger than 1g even on the vertical component.
In terms of spectral acceleration, the observed ground motions exceeded the largest observed ground motions of the 1995 Kobe earthquake in the period around 1 s.
The grounds should not exceed the size of white table sugar.
It is concluded that the seismic response of the bridge at the 500 years ground motions does not meet today's standards, while the demands under the effect of the 1000 years ground motions almost exceed the capacity of most bridge components.
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