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This is due to the fact that the vocabulary size may exceed millions of features; far more than can be processed by any feature selection tool within a reasonable period of time.
In fact, they may be separated from their target promoter(s) over genomic distances that can exceed millions of base pairs (megabases) [ 56, 57].
The hook effect is of particular concern to tumor marker assays because the concentration of a tumor marker may range over several orders of magnitude and, in some cases, may even exceed millions of units per liter [ 51- 54].
Examples of tumor markers for which such carryover has been documented include AFP, hCG, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [ 51]; this is consistent with the observation made earlier that these markers may range over several orders of magnitude and even exceed millions of units per liter in some cases.
Similar(56)
We considered only unambiguously mapped read pairs that had a proper orientation of tags and did not exceed 99th percentile of fragment size distribution.
The values exceeding 99th percentile of a healthy population sample were considered positive.
**Participants whose cumulative levothyroxine doses exceeded 75th centile of cumulative doses among all cases (mean daily dose 0.122 mg/day).
Death certificate data were analyzed to determine the spatial distribution of excess mortality on days that exceeded the 85th, 90th, and 95th percentiles of apparent temperature.
We find that the average statewide mortality anomalies were 5.11, 6.26, and 7.26 deaths on days exceeding the 85th, 90th, and 95th percentiles of apparent temperature respectively.
For example, the World Health Organization has advocated the use of alerts when weekly cases exceed the 75th percentile of cases from the same week in previous years (5 ), and other methods, based on smoothing or parametric assumptions, have also been considered (6 – 8 ).
A smoke event occurred when forest fires caused the daily citywide average concentration of particulate matter (PM10 or PM2.5) to exceed the 99th percentile of the entire study period.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com