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This paper focuses on settlement over shotcrete-supported tunnels on São Paulo subway line 2 (West Extension) that were excavated in Tertiary sediments using the sequential excavation method.
Experience at the URL has shown that damage exists around underground openings and that the damage develops from the energy imparted to the rock by the excavation method and by redistribution of the in situ stress field around the excavated openings.
Many of such problems are affected by selected excavation method.
They include multiple-drift excavation method, reduction of advance length, and auxiliary pre-reinforcement support systems.
These ground conditions are important references for selecting a suitable excavation method, as adopting appropriate excavation methods can reduce risks.
MDS is composed of two main modules: (1) geology prediction model (GPM) module which is based on Neural-Autoregressive Hidden Markov Model and (2) excavation method selection module to select appropriate excavation method based on GPM result.
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Open image in new window Fig. 1 The development of tunnel excavation methods.
Roadheader, one of the mechanized excavation equipments, has an exceptional place among the other excavation methods.
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