China has experimented in recent years with elections at low levels of government, permitting some villagers, for example, to choose among carefully chosen candidates for minor posts.
They were asked, for example, to choose between an M.R.I. or a CT scan for a severe long-standing headache, with the M.R.I. being much more expensive but also more likely to catch some extremely rare problems.
In reversal tasks, an animal is first trained on a simple discriminative problem: for example, to choose the left-hand arm of a T-maze, where it is rewarded, rather than the right arm, where it is not.
SINGAPORE — Though China formally adopted the Gregorian calendar at the founding of the republic in 1912, the traditional Chinese zodiac and calendar are often still used — for example, to choose favorable dates for holidays, weddings or other family events.
Objectors worry about whether one ever is able to bring choices down to just such a narrow selection for example, to choose either theism or naturalism.
