The mothers' speech also provided many examples of each vowel sound.
Each row represented one rotated vowel (or consonant), and each column represented a natural vowel (or consonant) category, so that each cell represented the percentage of examples of a particular rotated vowel (or consonant) identified within a natural phonological category.
Figure 5 shows examples of spectrograms of a vowel sequence in the corpus and that of a synthetic one generated with optimized articulatory targets.
Although closely related to Lithuanian, Latvian is more innovating than Lithuanian in many respects; for example, the reduction of vowels in final syllables has progressed much further in Latvian.
For example, the interpretation of vowels depends on the first- and second-formant characteristics of the speaker who utters those vowels (Ladefoged & Broadbent, 1957).
In general, there is a weakening of vowel sounds, for example in buen(a)s noch e)s, unlike what happens in many other Latin American countries – where consonant sounds are reduced or even omitted altogether in certain positions.
The effect of vowel quality is in line with that of previous studies, for example, by Mann and Repp [53] and Clayards et al. [76].
A hypothetical system of one single vowel, for example, would receive the highest assortativity coefficient simply due to the fact that it covers the full network, and in the light of the theory of vowel purity in rhyming, this would also reflect a pure rhyming behavior, as all rhyming instances would show the same vowel.
Mongolian divides vowels into three groups in a system of vowel harmony: : As mentioned, for historical reasons these have traditionally been labeled as "front" vowels and "back" vowels.
For example, the relatively long duration of the /u/ in the initial syllable of MUSic as well as the relatively long duration of the /o/ in the initial syllable of OCtopus might be mapped onto a pre-lexical representation coding for long vowels regardless of vowel identity.
