Pintauro: I wish I could have redirected the questions better and brought them back to how stigma is still one of the biggest reasons people are afraid to get tested (I mean, what better an example of stigma then that interview?).
One example of stigma in the community came from the mother of a child who has TB.
After training, my misconception was removed, and I realized that it was a bitter example of stigma and discrimination!" The teachers mentioned that the training helped them gather skills to explain sensitive issues relating to HIV/AIDS to their students.
Common examples of enacted stigma were instances of refusal to touch, hug, or shake hands with an HIV-positive individual, isolation behavior, or throwing away dishes or silverware used by the participant.
Examples of structural stigma are the negative attitudes and behaviors of representatives of public institutions, such as people who work in the health and criminal justice sectors.
Examples of this stigma given by participants included blaming and shaming attitudes towards those with T2DM (including self-blame), negative stereotyping, discrimination and lost opportunities as a result of having T2DM.
Examples of personal stigma items are: "A problem like 'Jenny's' is a sign of personal weakness", "People with a problem like 'Jenny's' are dangerous", and "If I had a problem like 'Jenny's', I would not tell anyone".
For example, fear of stigma as a barrier to acceptability could also be a barrier to feasibility.
For example, anticipation of stigma has been shown to deter pregnant women from accepting HIV testing in Kenya (Turan et al., 2011).
The examples and evidence of stigma identified in this study are also consistent with those proposed in the model (eg, stereotyping, discrimination/restrictions and being judged), as are some of the psychological and behavioural consequences of stigma.
