Apart from first-hand data from 40 languages that we have collected at UCLA and BLCU respectively, there are also 33 examples of second-hand data included to help to further reveal the conceptual relations expressed by the repetitive adverbs.
Countless examples of first-hand video from the civil war in Syria, uploaded to YouTube and shared via Facebook and Twitter, provide a trove of evidence unparalleled in contemporary conflicts.
Interventions to tackle these can take the form of awareness campaigns to raise knowledge of the impacts of behaviours on others with a view to changing behaviours (for example raising awareness of the impacts of second hand smoke on children), or more direct regulations to control behaviours to reduce the negative externalities, as has been seen with the regulations on smoking in public places.
For example, mass media is important for prevention of smoking initiation, cessation, and reduction of second hand smoke exposure.
In the case of second-hand smoke, for example, there have been lags of several decades from the time a hazard to health was identified and the enactment of regulations that adequately restrict smoking in public places (with the historical scientific evidence detailed in a Surgeon General's Report [ 69], and current laws detailed by Novak [ 70]).
The most prominent example concerns the hazards of second-hand smoke, which has been used to motivate behavior change and legislation restricting where smoking can occur.
Privacy was ensured through creative use of twine and curtains, and any additional props that may have been present (for example, up-ended tables, racks of second-hand clothing).
One example of such a second hand account of a negative experience: "I heard about an individual who was at [urgent care] getting help with some of kind problem that he has that involves a lot of pain.
For example, the second hand points to the 8, then it's 40 seconds past the minute.
Or is this just bad third-hand reporting of second-hand claims parroted by unnamed sources?
For example, instant messaging, discussion groups or social networks are increasingly recognised as valuable sources of public health alerts since they are sources of first-hand information.
