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There are plenty of examples of patents being issued for trivial modifications to existing inventions (such as prescription drugs) that allow companies to reap huge profits by extending their exclusive rights to the IP--and also inhibit innovation.
Elsewhere Kumar and Rai give more examples of patents on binding proteins that produce genetic regulation mechanisms such as multi-state oscillators, a genetic toggle switch, and an adjustable threshold switch (Kumar & Rai 2007).
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The House Report acknowledged that many states comply with patent law and could provide only two examples of patent infringement suits against the States.
The House Report provided only two examples of patent infringement suits against States, and the Federal Circuit identified only eight such suits in 110 years.
The Publishers point out that licenses for articles were readily available and they provide examples of patent law firms around the country that paid for licenses to scientific publications, although the record is silent about whether these firms were using the scientific articles to comply with USPTO application requirements or in connection with obligations imposed by foreign patent offices.
Examples of patent strengthening provisions include the extension of duration patents on agrochemicals and pharmaceutical products from 20 to 25 years and industrial designs from 10 to 15 years, most common in several US RTAs.
We then turn to Intellectual Ventures, which has been in the news a lot in recent days as perhaps the best example of patent "trolling".
Critics of the copyright status quo like to point to Amazon's attempt to patent the 'one-click purchase button' as examples of overreaching patents that grant legal protection for obvious innovations.
By 1917, the government forced the big aviation pioneers to create a "patent pool" available for licence by all.Other examples of pernicious patents abound.
Finally, the USPTO appears to be more willing to allow the issuance of new software patents based on revised guidance it issued in July of 2015 that provides a number of examples of valid patents under the Alice decision.
Appendix 1 – Examples of Printing Patents.
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