Examples of potent adjuvants are synthetic double-stranded RNA, polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly IC), and its more RNase-resistant analog stabilized with poly-L-lysine (poly ICLC).
For example, the role of adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer has been controversial given the lack of high level, worldwide evidence.
For example, the developers of Adjuvant! could experiment with revising the software's interface to reflect the latest findings in graphical display of risk information [ 15].
The clinical assumption that most older patients are too frail to receive standard chemotherapy – reflected in, for example, less use of adjuvant chemotherapy in older breast cancer patients [ 8- 10] – is being challenged [ 11, 12].
Still, from a clinical point of view, at the patient's bedside this is usually the only data available based on which clinical decision making has to take place, and these data can actually be of clinical value to, for example, the allocation of adjuvant therapy as opposed by de Kruijf et al (2010b) in breast cancer and other studies (Ghiringhelli et al, 2004; Ladoire et al, 2008; ).
Other examples of non-macromolecular adjuvants include monophosphoryl-lipid A, muramyl dipeptide, QS21, PLG, Seppic ISA-51 and CpG oligonucleotides.
The most famous example is the use of adjuvant with vaccine.
Perhaps the best example is the use of adjuvant anthracyclines plus cyclophosphamide in women with breast cancer.
For example, a confirmatory trial of adjuvant therapy in HAND might focus on one subgroup of cognitive impairment (i.e., ANI) and include subjects with more restrictive baseline characteristics, such as specified CD4 cell counts or nadirs, plasma or CSF VL cutoffs, age, or specific cART regimens.
