For example, migration across Beringia during the Quaternary glaciations was restricted to cold adapted, tundra organisms (Sanmartín et al. 2001).
In Kerala, India, for example, migration to the Gulf States has caused wages to rise, reduced unemployment, and improved the economic situation of those left behind (Zacharia et al. 2002).
Throughout this article the term "human mobility" is used with this meaning to help articulate a consistent discourse, referring to its specific manifestations (for example, migration, displacement) when needed.
For example, migration to the United Kingdom dramatically increased in 2000-2003, even after migration to South Africa was reduced.
For example, migration studies demonstrate linked increases in central adiposity and cardiovascular risk following novel exposure to the industrialized niche (Kinra et al., 2011; Poston and Foreyt, 1999).
For example, migration between cave and surface populations of Poecilia sulphuraria is relatively low, even though there are few physical barriers to movement [ 5].
Data that are available have treated BAME women as one homogeneous non-White group (Moser et al, 2009) with little consideration of other ethnicity-related variables (for example, migration history and language spoken) and no assessment of attitudinal barriers.
For example, migration data provided at the province level may be too coarse to allow for investigation of their relationship with flooding and/or soil degradation that occurred on a smaller scale.
For example, migration of susceptible and resistant individuals between treated and untreated areas influences spatial and temporal variations in the frequency of insecticide resistance alleles in populations of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae, [ 6- 8] and Culex pipiens mosquitoes [ 9, 10].
Individual cell activation is associated with increased energy requirements, and enhanced glucose uptake (that is, cellular metabolic activity) reflects the energy involved in key functions (for example, migration, phagocytosis, degranulation, generation of toxic reactive oxygen intermediates and cytokine production) [ 53, 54].
