The latter may be obtained by deterministic modelling of deformations using, for example, finite element method (FEM).
We illustrate the performance of the model by comparing the results of example finite element simulations using the continuum constitutive model to discrete lattice calculations with elastic plastic bars.
Furthermore, many numerical methods for the buckling problem have been studied, for example, finite element schemes [3, 8 12].
For example, finite element models [35], [46] and in vitro studies [47] predict the existence of osteogenic and chondrogenic strain fields.
This resulting mesh can serve as direct input for further numerical simulations using, for example, finite element modeling.
For example, finite elements of very small size and/or with stiff material properties reduce the critical time step of the whole system.
These use full Michaelis Menten; examples of finite difference methods include Pillarella and Zydney (28), whereas examples of finite element methods include Abdullah and Das (1), Chen and Palmer (6), Das (8), Sullivan et al. (35, 36), and Ye et al. (41).
Numerical examples and finite element simulations are presented for several test problems.
Similar to, this chapter presents illustrative examples of finite element models developed to understand the structural behavior of steel-concrete composite bridges.
Modeling of the system can be at a micro level, i.e., modeling the effect of stresses into the material by establishing for example a finite element model.
