The lesson also moved beyond the particular examples, characterizing in more abstract terms how each type of system involves different relationships between causal factors.
This SA gene expansion in Daphnia is the largest example characterized in eukaryotes; thus, an obvious question is whether one of the copies has a meiosis- or parthenogenesis-specific role (like STAG3 in vertebrates, REC11 in fungi or SNM in D. melanogaster).
Whereas the use of a single analytical level allows candidate search and functional interpretation based on common features, for example, characterized in gene ontology databases, the cross-omics approach allows generating hypotheses by comparing gene expression profiling to (functional active) protein abundances.
But, even in the simplest examples, characterizing spike statistics arising from the conjunction of non-linear effects, time propagation delays, synaptic noise, synaptic plasticity, and external stimuli is far from being trivial on mathematical grounds.
Just as dioxin toxicity can be expressed as toxic equivalents, estrogenic activity, for example, can be characterized in terms of estrogenic equivalents.
Adjuvant arthritis in the rat is the most prominent example, characterized by major bone apposition early in the process, with limited to no cartilage erosion in the beginning and inflammation as well as bone erosion predominantly located in the bone marrow areas; however, KRN arthritis and CIA also show pronounced bone apposition.
For example, characterizing albuminuria in these mice and then performing genetic analysis in mice might enable identification of the causative variant for age-related albuminuria in CUBN.
A recent headline in The Sunday Times, for example, characterized Ms. Bailey's appointment as a "blonde bomb".
Stabilizing policies for different wireless network models have been characterized in, for example, [3 5, 21 23].
Transcriptomic analyses are indispensable in brain research; for example, gene expression has been characterized in different cell types in the brain, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.
