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Finally, some of the serpins might be required at relatively high concentrations under basal conditions (for example, to inhibit a specific endogenous proteinase) but at much lower levels when the target proteinase is required in the cell.
Thus, the nature of the behavioral deficit may depend on whatever use is made of the anticipatory signal: for example to inhibit responding (conditioned suppression), to maintain a particular choice (ignoring misleading feedback, as in the probabilistic discrimination task), or to increase response vigor as a function of reward magnitude (Cools et al. 2005).
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Virtual matings involving existing juveniles and predicted embryos (as predicted from the previous mating round) can be useful to include in the analysis, for example to help inhibit the high use of a bull in the current mating round which has already contributed greatly to the next generation, as evidenced by the number of juvenile and embryo progeny.
For example, the potential to inhibit harmful microorganisms by direct inhibition through lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and bacteriocins or by displacing them through competitive adhesion is supported by the genome annotation data.
It has for example been shown to inhibit C1q-induced P-selectin expression [ 52], inhibition of activated ERK [ 53], and inhibition of NHE1 activity [ 54].
Ardisia japonica and Ardisia sieboldii, for example, were reported to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase [ 43, 44], and therefore suppress inflammatory activities.
For example, voluntary exercise was shown to inhibit 1,2-dimethylhydrazine- or azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis in rats [ 6, 7], whereas forced exercise was shown not to inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice [ 8].
Some examples were shown to inhibit the growth of human colon tumour cells, were equipotent for CDK1 and were selective against GSK-3β and other kinases.
Examples of approaches to inhibit the inhibitors include blocking Treg cell function and blocking cytokine signaling pathways, with the goal of overturning peripheral tolerance to the tumor.
For example, tropisetron is reported to inhibit 5-HT-induced PGE2 release from macrophage-like synovial cells in vitro [42] and to have an immunomodulatory function on cytokines [43, 44].
Ag NPs, for example, have been shown to inhibit algal growth and photosynthesis, changing the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence content of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [36], altering the cellular growth of Thalassiosira pseudonana and Synechococcus sp. [37] and affecting growth and cellular viability in the aquatic plant swollen duckweed Lemna gibba [38].
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