The first is simply personal experience – so people who have been bitten by a dog, for example, learn to associate dogs with fear and danger.
Instead of just getting points or badges, for example, brands get to associate themselves with a player's momentary euphoria that comes from beating a particularly challenging level, boss, or when they complete another gaming milestone.
For example, having learned to associate the cries that are made by those attacked by a wild animal with those circumstances, I will think of those cries upon seeing a wild animal approach and think of the effect that hearing them has previously had on myself and others.
If we get food poisoning after eating a new food, for example, we tend to associate the taste and smell of the new food with feelings of illness.
"The commission explicitly called on the government to use sensitive and inclusive language when dealing with matters of faith, yet once again points that apply equally to immigrants from a wide variety of nationalities, backgrounds and religions – Iraqi Christians for example – have been used to associate all Muslims with difficulties associated with integration.
For example, individuals could choose to associate with others of similar traits (homophily); individuals could associate with others exposed to similar environments; or traits could spread their influence through "conduction," like a contagion.
Honeybees, butterflies and moths, for example, have been shown to associate both colors and odors with food rewards [25], [26], [39] [44].
In everyday life there are many cases where the familiarity of an object's image and its sound changes, for example when we learn to associate a certain blip or error signal to a new technical device.
For example if you need to associate a person with a date just say the answer out loud several times.
For example, one study asked people to associate themselves with a particular brand of drink rather than another, and then looked at how this influenced their scores on the IAT.
