Integration of gold nanoparticles into a thin film is important for various applications, for example, tissue engineering and biological sensing [18].
The results are important for further optimization of novel scaffolds exhibiting spatial, and temporal control of the delivery of active cues in, for example, tissue engineering applications.
In application areas where multiple samples are required (for example tissue engineering substrates), proton beam writing (PBW) is a suitable technique to fabricate high quality metal masters.
For example, tissue extracts from liver or muscle can be used to investigate the role of a transporter in energy related metabolism; urine and serum can be used to study alterations in secreted or excreted metabolites.
For example, tissue injury can cause endothelial injuries associated with local and systematic inflammatory reactions; these reactions are important for the production of tissue factor and factor VII, which can excessively activate coagulation.
For example, tissue availability, graft survival, immunogenicity, tumorigenicity, and varying levels of cell migration, differentiation, and integration into functional circuits and the microenvironment provided by sclerotic tissue all contribute to the efficacy of transplanted cells.
It is possible that this difference in contractile ability reflects local factors (for example, tissue edema) not clinically identifiable, but correlated with more diseased muscle and this cannot be captured by the conventional scales that measure disease severity, such as the SOFA score.
As a second example, tissue steroid measurements may be affected by the blood content of the tissue.
For example, tissue morphogenesis and proliferation regulation was the dominant category for cancer, neurotransmission – for depression, etc.
